Utilitarian Public License (UPL) Version 1.0 PREAMBLE This License rests on a single demand: that where your software bears upon people, you reckon openly with what it does to them — the good it produces and the harm — and publish that reckoning for them to contest. A reckoning of consequences can be made honest or dishonest by the choice of its frame. Anyone can show a favorable total by drawing the boundary narrowly, by counting the winners and externalizing the losers, by reporting a sum that hides who bears the cost. This License therefore fixes the FORM of the reckoning, where fraud usually hides, and leaves open only the THEORY OF GOOD, where honest people genuinely disagree. Fixed, as the form of every reckoning under this License: that you weigh the consequences not of this one act in isolation but of the PRACTICE of deploying such a system under such conditions; that you count EVERY person the deployment bears upon, including those who do not consent to it; and that you give added weight to those made worst off, so that a gain to the comfortable cannot quietly be paid for by a loss to the vulnerable. Left to you: the currency in which good and harm are measured — welfare, preference, capability, or another account you can name and apply consistently. This License does not impose a theory of the good. It requires that you declare the one you use and reckon by it without switching frames to flatter the result. Software is action at scale, but not every act of touching software bears on anyone's welfare. Merging a fix into a date parser harms and benefits no one; operating a system upon people does both. This License distinguishes the two. It asks almost nothing of those who merely build and pass along components, and it asks the central thing — a public reckoning of consequences — only of those who deploy a system so that it bears upon persons. The licensor does not judge whether your deployment does more good than harm. The condition is that you produce the reckoning in the required form, disclose its frame and what it leaves out, and stand by it where those affected can see it. The verdict is theirs, not the licensor's. This License is a free-software license but is NOT certified as Open Source by the OSI, and likely could not be: its obligations extend to a Larger Work and are triggered by run-time use. This is a deliberate choice, not an oversight. DEFINITIONS "The Work" means the software or other material licensed under this License. "You" means any natural or legal person exercising rights under this License. "Covered Work" means the Work and any library, module, or component licensed under this License. "Larger Work" means the integrated software system You build, deploy, or operate that incorporates or depends on at least one Covered Work. The dependency may be at build time or run time, and direct or transitive. The boundaries of a Larger Work are the boundaries of the system You actually ship or operate. They are not the boundaries of any single file, package, or process. "Affected Persons" means the natural persons to whom a Consequential Deployment is applied or about whom it operates: its users, the subjects of its decisions, the subjects of its data, and those whose options it constrains or enlarges. "Consequential Deployment" means operation or distribution of a Larger Work where that Larger Work, in normal use, bears upon Affected Persons: by making or materially informing decisions about them; by surveilling, identifying, scoring, or sorting them; by restricting or enabling their access, movement, speech, or resources; or by processing their personal data for any of the foregoing. Internal tooling, libraries, build systems, and software whose normal operation does not bear upon any person are NOT Consequential Deployments. "Operator" means the natural or legal person who effects a Consequential Deployment: the person who, in fact, operates the Larger Work upon Affected Persons or distributes it for that purpose. Where several persons act together, each is an Operator to the extent of their own conduct. "Welfare Currency" means the theory of good You declare and apply to measure benefit and harm — for example a welfarist, preference-satisfaction, or capability account. This License does not prescribe a Welfare Currency; it requires that You name Yours and reckon by it consistently. "Utility Account" means a public reckoning by the Operator of the consequences of a Consequential Deployment, in the form fixed by Section 3.3: assessed over the practice rather than the isolated act; counting all Affected Persons, including those who do not consent; weighting those made worst off; conducted in a declared Welfare Currency; and disclosing what the reckoning leaves out. A Utility Account is not certified by the licensor and asserts no verdict the licensor endorses; it is a reckoning placed in the open. SECTION 1. GRANT OF RIGHTS Subject to the conditions below, You are granted a worldwide, royalty-free, non-exclusive, perpetual license to use, reproduce, modify, distribute, and create derivative works of the Work, and to do the same with any Larger Work in which it is incorporated. SECTION 2. PROVENANCE (the light obligation) 2.1. Whenever You distribute or operate a Larger Work, You must (a) preserve this License and the notices attached to each Covered Work, and (b) make it reasonably discoverable that the Larger Work contains a Covered Work. 2.2. No Utility Account is required by this Section. A library is conveyed as a library. A contributor who builds or passes along a Covered Work, and who does not themselves effect a Consequential Deployment, owes nothing beyond this Section. SECTION 3. THE CONSEQUENTIAL CONDITION (the weighty obligation) 3.1. Trigger. Upon Consequential Deployment of a Larger Work, and upon each material change in how it bears upon Affected Persons, the Operator must publish a Utility Account. 3.2. Scope. The Utility Account is the reckoning of the Consequential Deployment taken as a whole — of the good and harm that operating this system upon these persons produces. It is not a reckoning of any Covered Work within it, and a Covered Work buried deep in Your dependency graph does not lessen the obligation: the duty attaches to the deed, not to the depth of the dependency. The date parser helps and harms no one; the system You point at people does both. 3.3. Form and content. The published Utility Account must, in plain language: (a) declare the Welfare Currency in which good and harm are measured, and use it consistently throughout; (b) assess the PRACTICE — the consequences of deploying such a system under such conditions, were it done by all in Your position — not merely the consequences of this single instance considered alone; (c) count ALL Affected Persons, including those who do not consent to the Deployment, and identify who they are; (d) report the DISTRIBUTION of good and harm, not only an aggregate: who is made better off and who worse, with added weight given to those made worst off, so that a benefit to the many cannot silently rest on a burden laid on the few; (e) disclose the BOUNDARY of the reckoning: which effects, persons, and time-horizons are left out, and why; and (f) state Your resulting assessment of the net balance, together with any superseded Utility Account and the date of its revision, so that the record is not erased. 3.4. Publicity and Honesty. The Utility Account must be public, discoverable, and honest. An account You are unwilling to state publicly, or that switches frames to flatter the result, or that conceals harms within an undisclosed boundary, is a breach of this License. SECTION 4. PROPAGATION 4.1. The Larger Work, when distributed or operated, remains governed by this License. You may license Your own original portions under additional terms of Your choosing. This is permitted provided the obligations of Sections 2 and 3 are preserved — not removed, sublicensed away, or otherwise restricted. You may impose no further restriction on a recipient's exercise of the rights granted here. 4.2. The Section 3 obligation attaches to the Operator, and not to every upstream contributor. Upstream contributors and redistributors who do not themselves effect a Consequential Deployment owe only Section 2. 4.3. Incompatibility with strong copyleft. This License makes no concession in the obligations of Section 3 or 4.1, and in particular does not permit a recipient to remove or nullify them. Where another license requires that no further condition be imposed, or grants recipients the right to strike additional terms — as the GNU GPL (versions 2 and 3) and the GNU AGPL version 3 do — this License is INCOMPATIBLE with that license, and a work may not be distributed under both at once. If You need to combine a Covered Work with code under such a license, use instead the Lesser Utilitarian Public License (LUPL), which contains an explicit compatibility valve for that purpose. SECTION 5. TERMINATION 5.1. Your rights under Section 3 terminate automatically upon a Consequential Deployment made without the published declaration that Section 3 requires, or upon a knowing misrepresentation in that declaration. 5.2. Rights are reinstated upon publication of a truthful and complete declaration and cure of the breach, unless the licensor has terminated in writing for repeated or willful violation. 5.3. Termination of Your rights does not terminate the rights of those downstream who remain in compliance. SECTION 6. NO UTILITY POLICING BY THE LICENSOR The licensor does not approve, rank, or veto Your Utility Account, and does not judge whether Your Deployment does more good than harm. The condition is that You produce the reckoning in the required form and stand by it — not that the licensor agree with its verdict. The reckoning is Yours to make and Yours to own; the public record exists so that those affected, who bear its consequences, may judge. SECTION 7. DISCLAIMER OF WARRANTY THE WORK IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, AND NONINFRINGEMENT. SECTION 8. LIMITATION OF LIABILITY IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES, OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT, OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF, OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE WORK OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE WORK. - - - Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this license document, but changing it is not allowed. Derivative licenses must use a different name and must not imply endorsement by, or compatibility with, the Utilitarian Public License. APPENDIX: HOW TO APPLY THIS LICENSE TO YOUR WORK To apply the Utilitarian Public License to your software, attach the following notice. Replace the bracketed fields with your own information, and place the notice where a recipient can readily see it (for example, at the top of each source file, or in a NOTICE file alongside the LICENSE file). Copyright (C) [year] [name of copyright holder] This work is licensed under the Utilitarian Public License, Version 1.0. You may use, modify, and distribute it under the terms of that License. If you effect a Consequential Deployment of this work or of a Larger Work containing it, you must publish a Utility Account as required by Section 3. This work is provided "as is", without warranty of any kind. See the License for the full terms, including the disclaimer of warranty and limitation of liability. Include a complete copy of the License text (this document) in a file named LICENSE, or at a stable, publicly accessible location referenced by the notice above.